Hierarchical systems are structured organizations where individuals are arranged into a series of ranked levels, with those at higher levels having greater authority and responsibility. This structure clarifies roles, streamlines communication, and promotes decision-making efficiency. Key concepts include rank, authority, and span of control. Centralization and decentralization influence the distribution of authority. Bureaucratic and pyramid structures are common hierarchical models. Hierarchical systems provide clear lines of authority, improve communication, enhance accountability, and contribute to stability and efficiency.
