Human bean nutrition covers the essential nutrients needed for good health, including macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals). Essential nutrients must be obtained from food, while non-essential nutrients can be produced by the body or obtained in small amounts from food. Energy from food is measured in calories, with the body’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) representing its resting energy expenditure. Physical activity and exercise increase energy expenditure, while body composition (fat, muscle, and bone) influences overall health. Nutrient density measures the ratio of nutrients to calories in food, with dietary guidelines providing recommendations for healthy eating. Malnutrition and overweight/obesity are conditions related to nutrient deficiencies and excess body fat, respectively.
