Waves are oscillations that transfer energy without transporting matter. Their characteristics include amplitude (crest-to-trough height), crest (peak), frequency (waves passing per second), half-wavelength (between adjacent crests or troughs), period (time for one wave to pass), trough (lowest point), and wavelength (distance between crests). These properties describe the wave’s vertical displacement, rhythm, and spatial extent, providing insights into its energy and propagation.
